Polyacrylamide
Introduction to Polyacrylamide
Polyacrylamide (PAM), commonly known as flocculant or coagulant, has a molecular formula of+CH2 CHn. It is a linear polymer with a molecular weight between 4 and 20 million. The solid product appears as a white or slightly yellow powder, while the liquid is a colorless viscous colloid. It is easily soluble in water and decomposes when the temperature exceeds 120 ℃.
Polyacrylamide molecules have positive functional groups (- CONH2) that can adsorb and bridge suspended particles dispersed in solution, and have strong flocculation effects. Therefore, they are widely used in water treatment, metallurgy, papermaking, petroleum, chemical, textile, mineral processing and other fields.
Classification of Polyacrylamide
Polyacrylamide is divided into anionic, cationic, and nonionic types.
Anionic type is mainly used for domestic water supply, industrial and urban sewage treatment. It is also applicable to the coagulation and sedimentation of red mud and the separation of mud and liquid during the preparation process of alumina.
Cationic molecules have a high molecular weight and are mainly used for flocculation and precipitation of aqueous suspensions and suspensions. It is difficult to flocculate acidic and slightly acidic solutions containing organic suspensions. In this case, cationic polyacrylamide can effectively perform flocculation and precipitation, demonstrating its outstanding performance. The usage form is 0.1-0.2% aqueous solution, which needs to be prepared with water with pH ≤ 7. After being prepared into a dilute solution, it is easy to hydrolyze. It should be used as needed or used up on the same day, and should not be stored for a long time.
Characteristics of Polyacrylamide
Polyacrylamide (PAM) is a linear polymer that is easily soluble in water. Its aqueous solution is a viscous liquid that is almost transparent. It is non hazardous, non-toxic, and non corrosive. Solid PAM has hygroscopicity, flocculation, adhesion, drag reduction, thickening properties, and good stability.
Application of Polyacrylamide
Polyacrylamide molecules contain a positive gene (- CONH2), which can adsorb and bridge suspended particles dispersed in solution, and has a strong coagulation effect. Therefore, it is widely used in water treatment, electricity, mining, coal preparation, asbestos products, petrochemicals, papermaking, textiles, sugar production, pharmaceuticals, environmental protection, etc.
Application scope of polyacrylamide
1. Water treatment field
It mainly includes three aspects: raw water treatment, sewage treatment, and industrial water treatment. In raw water treatment, the combination of polyacrylamide and activated carbon can be used for the coagulation and clarification of suspended particles in domestic water; Polyacrylamide can be used for sludge dewatering in sewage treatment; Polyacrylamide is mainly used as a formulation agent in industrial water treatment, which can increase the utilization rate of water reuse cycle.
2. Mineral processing field
In the fields of mining and coal washing, the use of polyacrylamide as a flocculant can promote the settling of solid matter in mining and coal washing recovered water, clarify the water, and recover useful solid particles, avoiding environmental pollution; In the sugar industry, polyacrylamide can accelerate the sinking of fine particles in sugarcane juice, promote filtration, and improve the clarity of the filtrate;
3. Paper industry
Polyacrylamide is widely used as a resident agent, filter aid, dispersant, etc. in the papermaking field. Its function is to improve the quality of paper, increase the retention rate of fine fibers and fillers, reduce the consumption of raw materials, and minimize environmental pollution. The effectiveness of polyacrylamide in papermaking depends on its average molecular weight, ionic properties, ionic strength, and the activity of other copolymers.
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